APWH - Ch 10 Mastery Test on Christendom
____ 1. In comparison to Byzantium, Latin Christendom before 1000 C.E. was a(n)
a. expanding empire. c. localized society.
b. theocratic state. d. unified state.
____ 2. What advantage did the Byzantine Empire have that enabled it to survive as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire?
a. Assimilation of Germanic culture c. A longer frontier
b. More territory under its control d. A stronger military
____ 3. Which of the following was a long-term impact of the Crusades in Europe?
a. The Crusades weakened significantly the influence of Turkic-speaking peoples in the Islamic world.
b. Spain, Sicily, and the Baltic region permanently joined the world of Western Christendom.
c. Animosity from the Crusades ended the flow of Muslim learning into Europe.
d. People from the Middle East migrated to Europe in large numbers.
____ 4. Disagreement over which of the following contributed to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?
a. A church hierarchy of patriarchs c. The missionary impulse
b. Veneration of icons d. The religious authority of the Bible
____ 5. Which of the following features of the Byzantine Empire did the new civilization of Kievan Rus adopt?
a. The customs and dress of Germanic peoples
b. The political ideals of imperial control of the Church
c. The concept of a good life as one of no desire and no action
d. The commitment to economic equality and social justice
____ 6. Which of the following is an example of the Byzantine Empire’s influence on Eurasia?
a. Universal acceptance of Latin as the international language of diplomacy
b. Transmission of ancient Greek learning to Western Europe and the Islamic world
c. Control of the trade routes linking the Silk Roads to the Indian Ocean basin
d. Spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to North Africa and Central Asia
____ 7. In Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, what system emerged that emphasized the reciprocal ties between a king and his vassals, and between a lord and his serfs?
a. Paganism c. Investiture
b. Caesaropapism d. Feudalism
____ 8. Which of the following describes the situation in Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476?
a. Long-distance trade was limited to Italy.
b. Germanic peoples became a minority population.
c. A long period of peace and prosperity began.
d. Society became increasingly urban and literate.
____ 9. Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the High Middle Ages?
a. There was a considerable increase in long-distance trade.
b. The Holy Roman Empire controlled all of Europe.
c. Most of North Africa converted to Christianity.
d. The pope emerged as the political ruler of Eastern Europe.
____ 10. How did economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages affect women in Western Europe?
a. Women assumed responsibility for farmwork as men moved to the cities.
b. Women entered universities for training to become lawyers and doctors.
c. Women practiced trades and sometimes trained female apprentices.
d. Women received political and legal rights that made them men’s equals.
____ 11. Which of the following characterizes the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe from 500 to 1000?
a. Christian missionaries destroyed pagan temples and idols.
b. Earlier cultural practices were absorbed into the Christian tradition.
c. The Church focused on converting people in the countryside.
d. Coercion was never used because the Church prohibited the use of force.
____ 12. Technological changes in which field limited women’s opportunities in Western Europe by the fifteenth century?
a. Farming c. Shipbuilding
b. Weaving d. Metallurgy
____ 13. Besides Islam, which of the following was also a target of Western European crusaders?
a. Nestorian Christian communities c. Eastern Orthodox Christianity
b. Roman Catholicism d. The Church of the East
____ 14. During the period from 1000 to 1300, the rulers in which region held the least power?
a. Western Europe c. China
b. The Byzantine Empire d. Russia
____ 15. Which of the following is an example of a European innovation made possible by borrowing technologies from other civilizations?
a. The use of the compass in farming
b. The use of gunpowder in cannons
c. The use of papermaking in mills
d. The use of the lateen sail in textile production
____ 16. Which of the following contributed to the decline of Christianity in Asia and Africa by 1500?
a. The decline in inter-regional trade c. The end of the Roman Empire
b. The rise of the Byzantine Empire d. The spread of Islamic civilization
____ 17. Which of the following describes Christian communities in the Middle East and North Africa from 650 to 1300?
a. Thriving communities connected by inter-regional trade
b. Self-sufficient communities in isolated regions
c. Shrinking communities of second-class subjects
d. Marginalized communities threatened by state persecution
____ 18. Outside Europe, the strongest presence of Christianity from 500 to 1300 was in
a. Ethiopia. c. China.
b. Egypt. d. Syria.
____ 19. Which of the following is an example of how Christianity was reinterpreted as it spread throughout Asia and Africa?
a. Russification c. Greek fire
b. Jesus Sutras d. Cyrillic script
____ 20. What event in the thirteenth century influenced the Egyptian state’s change in attitude toward its Christian subjects from tolerance to persecution?
a. The Arab conquest of North Africa c. The plague
b. The spread of the Byzantine Empire d. The Crusades
____ 21. Which of the following describes a feature of the Byzantine state?
a. Political authority rested in the hands of community leaders.
b. The state tightly controlled local affairs in the provinces.
c. The emperor claimed to be God’s representative on earth.
d. Competing interests contributed to the fragmentation of the state.
____ 22. Which of the following brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?
a. The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire
b. Emperor Justinian’s attempt to reconquer the Mediterranean basin
c. The extensive loss of territory to an expanding Persian Empire
d. The Catholic Church’s excommunication of Eastern Orthodox Christians
____ 23. Which of the following had a greater influence on Eastern Orthodox Christianity than on Roman Catholicism?
a. The concept of original sin c. Acceptance of the Trinity
b. Greek philosophical concepts d. Acceptance of the Holy Spirit
____ 24. In the eleventh century, the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire had a significant impact on
a. the rulers of the Axum state in Ethiopia.
b. the Nestorian church communities in China.
c. the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe.
d. Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans and Russia.
____ 25. Which of the following describes the process of conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus?
a. The Byzantine Empire required conversion during its occupation of Kievan Rus; not converting was subject to the penalty of death.
b. Byzantine missionaries succeeded in converting most of the people to Eastern Orthodox Christianity despite state opposition.
c. It was a freely made decision on the part of Prince Vladmir of Kiev, who chose Eastern Orthodox Christianity to unify his people.
d. People converted in order to avoid the special tax imposed on those who refused to accept Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
____ 26. In the centuries between 500 and 1000, Europe’s center of gravity shifted away from the Mediterranean toward the
a. north and west. c. Indian Ocean.
b. south and east. d. Pacific Ocean.
____ 27. Which of the following describes the relationship between politics and religion in Western Europe from 500 to 1300?
a. Rulers were appointed by and answered to the pope of the Catholic Church.
b. Rulers provided protection for the Church in return for religious legitimacy.
c. The ruler was the head of both the state and the Church.
d. The pope was the head of both the state and the Church.
____ 28. In Western Europe from 1000 to 1300, power was divided among
a. lords, vassals, and serfs. c. the pope, royal officials, and scholars.
b. princes, warriors, and farmers. d. kings, nobles, and church leaders.
____ 29. In which civilization was the rationalism and secularism of Greek thought used to explain religious doctrines?
a. Persian Empire c. Western Christendom
b. Abbasid Caliphate d. Ottoman Empire
____ 30. Based on the information in Map 10.3 in the textbook, which region was the least threatened by foreign invasion between 700 and 1000?
a. The Holy Roman Empire c. Kievan Russia
b. The Byzantine Empire d. Al-Andalus
____ 31. In the story by Gregory of Tours in Source 10.1, what event triggered Clovis’s conversion to Christianity?
a. A conversation with his wife c. The death of his infant son
b. The war against the Alamanni d. The miraculous recovery of his son
____ 32. In 601, Pope Gregory stated, in reference to non-Christians in England, “that while they offered the same beasts which they were wont to offer, they should offer them to God, and not to idols; and thus they would no longer be the same sacrifices” (see Source 10.2). What does this suggest about how church leaders treated the religious practices of non-Christians?
a. Idolatry was prohibited, but animal sacrifice was acceptable.
b. The form of the sacrifices performed by non-Christians was modified.
c. Existing cultural practices were replaced by new Christian practices.
d. Non-Christian practices were incorporated into Christian practice.
____ 33. According to the eighth-century Capitulary on Saxony in Source 10.3, how did Charlemagne deal with those who organized in opposition to Christians?
a. They were sentenced to death.
b. They were sent to Christian monasteries.
c. They were enslaved until they converted to Christianity.
d. They were imprisoned until they converted to Christianity.
____ 34. In the story of the German missionary Boniface’s encounter with the Hessians in Source 10.4, how did the Hessians respond to Boniface’s cutting down of the tree they referred to as the Oak of Jupiter?
a. They secretly plotted to launch an attack against all the Christians in the area.
b. They laughed at him when he proved unable to make even a single cut in the tree.
c. They interpreted it as God’s will and wholeheartedly embraced Christianity.
d. They offered sacrifices to their gods to deflect divine wrath away from Boniface.
____ 35. What does the tenth-century manuscript known as the Leechbook in Source 10.5 reveal about the beliefs and practices of Anglo-Saxons who had converted to Christianity?
a. They abandoned any practices that conflicted with Christian doctrine.
b. They used Christian rituals in practices that pre-dated the coming of Christianity.
c. They were more influenced by Eastern Orthodoxy than Roman Catholicism.
d. They placed greater emphasis on the individual relationship with God.
Matching Terms
a. Jesus Sutras j. Kievan Rus
b. Nubian Christianity k. Prince Vladimir of Kiev
c. Ethiopian Christianity l. Charlemagne
d. Byzantine Empire m. Holy Roman Empire
e. Constantinople n. Roman Catholic Church
f. Justinian o. Western Christendom
g. caesaropapism p. Cecilia Penifader
h. Eastern Orthodox Christianity q. Crusades
i. icons
____ 1. Term used by modern historians to refer to the surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries; named after an ancient Greek city on the site of which the Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capital, Constantinople, in 330 C.E.
____ 2. A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire.
____ 3. An illiterate peasant woman (1297–1344), from the English village of Brigstock, whose life provides a window into the conditions of ordinary rural people even if her life was more independent and prosperous than most.
____ 4. Ruler of the Carolingian Empire (r. 768–814) who staged an imperial revival in Western Europe.
____ 5. New capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established in 330 C.E. on the site of the ancient Greek city of Byzantium; its highly defensible and economically important site helped ensure the city’s cultural and strategic importance for many centuries.
____ 6. Modern term meaning “ventures of the cross,” used to describe the “holy wars” waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond; they could be declared only by the pope and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving an indulgence in return.
____ 7. Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated, mostly on matters of practice, from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe; noted for the subordination of the Church to political authorities, a married clergy, the use of leavened bread in the Eucharist, and insistence on church councils as the ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice.
____ 8. Emerging in the fourth century with the conversion of the rulers of Axum, this Christian church proved more resilient than other early churches in Africa. Located in mountainous highlands, it was largely cut off from other parts of Christendom and developed traditions that made it distinctive from other Christian Churches.
____ 9. Term invented in the twelfth century to describe the Germany-based empire founded by Otto I in 962 C.E.
____ 10. Holy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
____ 11. The product of Nestorian Christians living in China, these articulate the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts.
____ 12. Byzantine emperor (r. 527–565 C.E.) noted for his short-lived reconquest of much of the former western Roman Empire and for his codification of Roman law.
____ 13. Emerging in the fifth and sixth centuries in the several kingdoms to the south of Egypt, this Christian church thrived for six hundred years but had largely disappeared by 1500 C.E., by which time most of the region’s population practiced Islam.
____ 14. Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 C.E. that has still not been healed. This name was not commonly used until after the Protestant Reformation, but the term is just because, by the eleventh century, Western Christendom defined itself in centralized terms, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine.
____ 15. Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 C.E. that has still not been healed. It defined itself in centralized terms, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine
APWH - Ch 10 Mastery Test on Christendom
1. TOP: Introduction to the chapter
2. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
3. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
4. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
5. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
6. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
7. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
8. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
9. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
10. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
11. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
12. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
13. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
14. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
15. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
16. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
17. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
18. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
19. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
20. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
21. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
22. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
23. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
24. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
25. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
26. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
27. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
28. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
29. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
30. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
31. TOP: Writing With Evidence
32. TOP: Writing With Evidence
33. TOP: Writing With Evidence
34. TOP: Writing With Evidence
35. TOP: Writing With Evidence
MATCHING
1. ANS: D
2. ANS: G
3. ANS: P
4. ANS: L
5. ANS: E
6. ANS: Q
7. ANS: H
8. ANS: C
9. ANS: M
10. ANS: I
11. ANS: A
12. ANS: F
13. ANS: B
14. ANS: N
15. ANS: O
____ 1. In comparison to Byzantium, Latin Christendom before 1000 C.E. was a(n)
a. expanding empire. c. localized society.
b. theocratic state. d. unified state.
____ 2. What advantage did the Byzantine Empire have that enabled it to survive as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire?
a. Assimilation of Germanic culture c. A longer frontier
b. More territory under its control d. A stronger military
____ 3. Which of the following was a long-term impact of the Crusades in Europe?
a. The Crusades weakened significantly the influence of Turkic-speaking peoples in the Islamic world.
b. Spain, Sicily, and the Baltic region permanently joined the world of Western Christendom.
c. Animosity from the Crusades ended the flow of Muslim learning into Europe.
d. People from the Middle East migrated to Europe in large numbers.
____ 4. Disagreement over which of the following contributed to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?
a. A church hierarchy of patriarchs c. The missionary impulse
b. Veneration of icons d. The religious authority of the Bible
____ 5. Which of the following features of the Byzantine Empire did the new civilization of Kievan Rus adopt?
a. The customs and dress of Germanic peoples
b. The political ideals of imperial control of the Church
c. The concept of a good life as one of no desire and no action
d. The commitment to economic equality and social justice
____ 6. Which of the following is an example of the Byzantine Empire’s influence on Eurasia?
a. Universal acceptance of Latin as the international language of diplomacy
b. Transmission of ancient Greek learning to Western Europe and the Islamic world
c. Control of the trade routes linking the Silk Roads to the Indian Ocean basin
d. Spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to North Africa and Central Asia
____ 7. In Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, what system emerged that emphasized the reciprocal ties between a king and his vassals, and between a lord and his serfs?
a. Paganism c. Investiture
b. Caesaropapism d. Feudalism
____ 8. Which of the following describes the situation in Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476?
a. Long-distance trade was limited to Italy.
b. Germanic peoples became a minority population.
c. A long period of peace and prosperity began.
d. Society became increasingly urban and literate.
____ 9. Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the High Middle Ages?
a. There was a considerable increase in long-distance trade.
b. The Holy Roman Empire controlled all of Europe.
c. Most of North Africa converted to Christianity.
d. The pope emerged as the political ruler of Eastern Europe.
____ 10. How did economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages affect women in Western Europe?
a. Women assumed responsibility for farmwork as men moved to the cities.
b. Women entered universities for training to become lawyers and doctors.
c. Women practiced trades and sometimes trained female apprentices.
d. Women received political and legal rights that made them men’s equals.
____ 11. Which of the following characterizes the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe from 500 to 1000?
a. Christian missionaries destroyed pagan temples and idols.
b. Earlier cultural practices were absorbed into the Christian tradition.
c. The Church focused on converting people in the countryside.
d. Coercion was never used because the Church prohibited the use of force.
____ 12. Technological changes in which field limited women’s opportunities in Western Europe by the fifteenth century?
a. Farming c. Shipbuilding
b. Weaving d. Metallurgy
____ 13. Besides Islam, which of the following was also a target of Western European crusaders?
a. Nestorian Christian communities c. Eastern Orthodox Christianity
b. Roman Catholicism d. The Church of the East
____ 14. During the period from 1000 to 1300, the rulers in which region held the least power?
a. Western Europe c. China
b. The Byzantine Empire d. Russia
____ 15. Which of the following is an example of a European innovation made possible by borrowing technologies from other civilizations?
a. The use of the compass in farming
b. The use of gunpowder in cannons
c. The use of papermaking in mills
d. The use of the lateen sail in textile production
____ 16. Which of the following contributed to the decline of Christianity in Asia and Africa by 1500?
a. The decline in inter-regional trade c. The end of the Roman Empire
b. The rise of the Byzantine Empire d. The spread of Islamic civilization
____ 17. Which of the following describes Christian communities in the Middle East and North Africa from 650 to 1300?
a. Thriving communities connected by inter-regional trade
b. Self-sufficient communities in isolated regions
c. Shrinking communities of second-class subjects
d. Marginalized communities threatened by state persecution
____ 18. Outside Europe, the strongest presence of Christianity from 500 to 1300 was in
a. Ethiopia. c. China.
b. Egypt. d. Syria.
____ 19. Which of the following is an example of how Christianity was reinterpreted as it spread throughout Asia and Africa?
a. Russification c. Greek fire
b. Jesus Sutras d. Cyrillic script
____ 20. What event in the thirteenth century influenced the Egyptian state’s change in attitude toward its Christian subjects from tolerance to persecution?
a. The Arab conquest of North Africa c. The plague
b. The spread of the Byzantine Empire d. The Crusades
____ 21. Which of the following describes a feature of the Byzantine state?
a. Political authority rested in the hands of community leaders.
b. The state tightly controlled local affairs in the provinces.
c. The emperor claimed to be God’s representative on earth.
d. Competing interests contributed to the fragmentation of the state.
____ 22. Which of the following brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?
a. The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire
b. Emperor Justinian’s attempt to reconquer the Mediterranean basin
c. The extensive loss of territory to an expanding Persian Empire
d. The Catholic Church’s excommunication of Eastern Orthodox Christians
____ 23. Which of the following had a greater influence on Eastern Orthodox Christianity than on Roman Catholicism?
a. The concept of original sin c. Acceptance of the Trinity
b. Greek philosophical concepts d. Acceptance of the Holy Spirit
____ 24. In the eleventh century, the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire had a significant impact on
a. the rulers of the Axum state in Ethiopia.
b. the Nestorian church communities in China.
c. the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe.
d. Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans and Russia.
____ 25. Which of the following describes the process of conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus?
a. The Byzantine Empire required conversion during its occupation of Kievan Rus; not converting was subject to the penalty of death.
b. Byzantine missionaries succeeded in converting most of the people to Eastern Orthodox Christianity despite state opposition.
c. It was a freely made decision on the part of Prince Vladmir of Kiev, who chose Eastern Orthodox Christianity to unify his people.
d. People converted in order to avoid the special tax imposed on those who refused to accept Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
____ 26. In the centuries between 500 and 1000, Europe’s center of gravity shifted away from the Mediterranean toward the
a. north and west. c. Indian Ocean.
b. south and east. d. Pacific Ocean.
____ 27. Which of the following describes the relationship between politics and religion in Western Europe from 500 to 1300?
a. Rulers were appointed by and answered to the pope of the Catholic Church.
b. Rulers provided protection for the Church in return for religious legitimacy.
c. The ruler was the head of both the state and the Church.
d. The pope was the head of both the state and the Church.
____ 28. In Western Europe from 1000 to 1300, power was divided among
a. lords, vassals, and serfs. c. the pope, royal officials, and scholars.
b. princes, warriors, and farmers. d. kings, nobles, and church leaders.
____ 29. In which civilization was the rationalism and secularism of Greek thought used to explain religious doctrines?
a. Persian Empire c. Western Christendom
b. Abbasid Caliphate d. Ottoman Empire
____ 30. Based on the information in Map 10.3 in the textbook, which region was the least threatened by foreign invasion between 700 and 1000?
a. The Holy Roman Empire c. Kievan Russia
b. The Byzantine Empire d. Al-Andalus
____ 31. In the story by Gregory of Tours in Source 10.1, what event triggered Clovis’s conversion to Christianity?
a. A conversation with his wife c. The death of his infant son
b. The war against the Alamanni d. The miraculous recovery of his son
____ 32. In 601, Pope Gregory stated, in reference to non-Christians in England, “that while they offered the same beasts which they were wont to offer, they should offer them to God, and not to idols; and thus they would no longer be the same sacrifices” (see Source 10.2). What does this suggest about how church leaders treated the religious practices of non-Christians?
a. Idolatry was prohibited, but animal sacrifice was acceptable.
b. The form of the sacrifices performed by non-Christians was modified.
c. Existing cultural practices were replaced by new Christian practices.
d. Non-Christian practices were incorporated into Christian practice.
____ 33. According to the eighth-century Capitulary on Saxony in Source 10.3, how did Charlemagne deal with those who organized in opposition to Christians?
a. They were sentenced to death.
b. They were sent to Christian monasteries.
c. They were enslaved until they converted to Christianity.
d. They were imprisoned until they converted to Christianity.
____ 34. In the story of the German missionary Boniface’s encounter with the Hessians in Source 10.4, how did the Hessians respond to Boniface’s cutting down of the tree they referred to as the Oak of Jupiter?
a. They secretly plotted to launch an attack against all the Christians in the area.
b. They laughed at him when he proved unable to make even a single cut in the tree.
c. They interpreted it as God’s will and wholeheartedly embraced Christianity.
d. They offered sacrifices to their gods to deflect divine wrath away from Boniface.
____ 35. What does the tenth-century manuscript known as the Leechbook in Source 10.5 reveal about the beliefs and practices of Anglo-Saxons who had converted to Christianity?
a. They abandoned any practices that conflicted with Christian doctrine.
b. They used Christian rituals in practices that pre-dated the coming of Christianity.
c. They were more influenced by Eastern Orthodoxy than Roman Catholicism.
d. They placed greater emphasis on the individual relationship with God.
Matching Terms
a. Jesus Sutras j. Kievan Rus
b. Nubian Christianity k. Prince Vladimir of Kiev
c. Ethiopian Christianity l. Charlemagne
d. Byzantine Empire m. Holy Roman Empire
e. Constantinople n. Roman Catholic Church
f. Justinian o. Western Christendom
g. caesaropapism p. Cecilia Penifader
h. Eastern Orthodox Christianity q. Crusades
i. icons
____ 1. Term used by modern historians to refer to the surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries; named after an ancient Greek city on the site of which the Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capital, Constantinople, in 330 C.E.
____ 2. A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire.
____ 3. An illiterate peasant woman (1297–1344), from the English village of Brigstock, whose life provides a window into the conditions of ordinary rural people even if her life was more independent and prosperous than most.
____ 4. Ruler of the Carolingian Empire (r. 768–814) who staged an imperial revival in Western Europe.
____ 5. New capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established in 330 C.E. on the site of the ancient Greek city of Byzantium; its highly defensible and economically important site helped ensure the city’s cultural and strategic importance for many centuries.
____ 6. Modern term meaning “ventures of the cross,” used to describe the “holy wars” waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond; they could be declared only by the pope and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving an indulgence in return.
____ 7. Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated, mostly on matters of practice, from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe; noted for the subordination of the Church to political authorities, a married clergy, the use of leavened bread in the Eucharist, and insistence on church councils as the ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice.
____ 8. Emerging in the fourth century with the conversion of the rulers of Axum, this Christian church proved more resilient than other early churches in Africa. Located in mountainous highlands, it was largely cut off from other parts of Christendom and developed traditions that made it distinctive from other Christian Churches.
____ 9. Term invented in the twelfth century to describe the Germany-based empire founded by Otto I in 962 C.E.
____ 10. Holy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
____ 11. The product of Nestorian Christians living in China, these articulate the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts.
____ 12. Byzantine emperor (r. 527–565 C.E.) noted for his short-lived reconquest of much of the former western Roman Empire and for his codification of Roman law.
____ 13. Emerging in the fifth and sixth centuries in the several kingdoms to the south of Egypt, this Christian church thrived for six hundred years but had largely disappeared by 1500 C.E., by which time most of the region’s population practiced Islam.
____ 14. Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 C.E. that has still not been healed. This name was not commonly used until after the Protestant Reformation, but the term is just because, by the eleventh century, Western Christendom defined itself in centralized terms, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine.
____ 15. Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 C.E. that has still not been healed. It defined itself in centralized terms, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine
APWH - Ch 10 Mastery Test on Christendom
1. TOP: Introduction to the chapter
2. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
3. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
4. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
5. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
6. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
7. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
8. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
9. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
10. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
11. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
12. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
13. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
14. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
15. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
16. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
17. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
18. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
19. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
20. TOP: Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
21. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
22. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
23. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
24. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
25. TOP: Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
26. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
27. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
28. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
29. TOP: The West in Comparative Perspective
30. TOP: Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
31. TOP: Writing With Evidence
32. TOP: Writing With Evidence
33. TOP: Writing With Evidence
34. TOP: Writing With Evidence
35. TOP: Writing With Evidence
MATCHING
1. ANS: D
2. ANS: G
3. ANS: P
4. ANS: L
5. ANS: E
6. ANS: Q
7. ANS: H
8. ANS: C
9. ANS: M
10. ANS: I
11. ANS: A
12. ANS: F
13. ANS: B
14. ANS: N
15. ANS: O
