APWH - Ch. 4 MASTERY TEST
Multiple Choice
____ 1. Which of the following belief systems focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and human life?
a. Confucianism c. Zoroastrianism
b. Buddhism d. Christianity
____ 2. Some elements of Zoroastrianism found expression in which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?
a. Daoism c. Judaism
b. Confucianism d. Hinduism
____ 3. Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because they both
a. rejected the religious authority of the Brahmins.
b. rejected the concept of karma.
c. offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.
d. promoted monotheism.
____ 4. Which of the following systems of thought proclaimed that a system of rewards and punishment was the most effective way to govern people?
a. Confucianism c. Buddhism
b. Daoism d. Legalism
____ 5. Which of the following actions would a follower of Daoism take?
a. Engage in public life c. Pursue higher education
b. Withdraw from politics d. Work for social change
____ 6. Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
a. The concepts of heaven and hell c. The notion of reincarnation
b. The idea of Brahman (World Soul) d. The unity of opposites
____ 7. Which of the following groups emphasized argument, logic, reason, and questioning of received wisdom?
a. Confucian scholars c. Daoist philosophers
b. Greek thinkers d. Zoroastrian rulers
____ 8. The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu lies at the heart of which religion?
a. Buddhism c. Judaism
b. Hinduism d. Zoroastrianism
____ 9. Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?
a. Reverence for organized religion c. Respect for received wisdom
b. Confidence in human reason d. Deference to established authority
____ 10. Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.E.?
a. All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe.
b. All played down the value of humankind and glorified the natural world.
c. All drew on rational and secular explanations of the universe.
d. All favored communal ritual as the means to organize human society
____ 11. Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society?
a. Confucianism was adopted as the state religion of China.
b. Confucianism placed a high value on education and ritual.
c. Confucianism encouraged individualistic values.
d. Confucianism challenged social and gender hierarchies.
____ 12. Which of the following contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India?
a. Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.
b. India failed to establish Buddhist monasteries.
c. Buddhism was suppressed by Emperor Ashoka.
d. There was too much competition from Confucianism.
____ 13. Which of the following experiences did both the Buddha and Jesus share?
a. They were transformed by their followers into gods.
b. They were persecuted by Zoroastrian rulers.
c. They traveled to Africa to spread their religion.
d. They allied themselves with religious authorities.
____ 14. Which of the following reflects a view of women found in Confucianism, Hinduism, and Christianity?
a. Women should obey men. c. Women are a source of goodness.
b. Women are better rulers. d. Women should be enslaved.
____ 15. Which of the following statements describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism as understood by Chinese elites?
a. Daoism is an offshoot of Confucianism that develops the mystical elements inherent in Confucius’s teachings.
b. Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory.
c. Most Confucians dismissed Daoism as meaningless superstition.
d. Most Daoists despised Confucians because their policies fostered cosmic chaos.
____ 16. Which of the following is a text associated with Hinduism?
a. Daodejing c. Analects
b. Lessons for Women d. Bhagavad Gita
____ 17. Which of the following is a central feature of the Hindu notion of karma?
a. Moksha (liberation) c. Nirvana (enlightenment)
b. Atman (soul) d. Samsara (rebirth)
____ 18. Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?
a. The idea that ordinary life is an illusion
b. The practice of meditation and prayer
c. The religious authority of the Brahmins
d. The goal of overcoming the demands of the ego
____ 19. In contrast to Theravada Buddhism, the Mahayana version portrayed the Buddha as a
a. god. c. priest.
b. teacher. d. bodhisattva.
____ 20. Which of the following refers to a feature of the conception of the divine found in Judaism?
a. A view of heaven as a state in which individual identity is extinguished
b. An understanding of God as engaged in history and demanding social justice
c. A notion that primal unitary energy creates divine reality
d. A principle of the way of nature underlies everything and never changes
____ 21. What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism have in common?
a. A fervent belief in the supernatural
b. A diverse pantheon of gods
c. A monotheistic perspective on religion
d. A secular approach to understanding the world
____ 22. Which one of the following represents a way that Greek scholarship influenced the world?
a. Greek learning was incorporated into Confucianism, creating a hybrid philosophy.
b. Greek knowledge became a central element in an emerging “Eastern” civilization.
c. Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals.
d. Greek ideas entered India and were absorbed into Hinduism.
____ 23. What did Confucius, Zarathustra, and Siddhartha Gautama have in common?
a. They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.
b. Their teachings had a sharp social and political edge.
c. They criticized the hypocrisies of the powerful.
d. They all spoke on behalf of the poor and oppressed.
____ 24. What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common?
a. They both ultimately died out in the land of their birth as their ideas were absorbed into other religious traditions.
b. They both started out as an effort to reform the religions from they which they had come but soon emerged as separate religions.
c. They were both associated with a particular people and territory, and denied salvation to outsiders.
d. Neither ever became an active missionary religion and did not spread widely beyond the region of their birth.
____ 25. Which of the following statements reflects the state of Christianity by 500 C.E.?
a. It was clear to all that the future of Christianity would be in Europe.
b. States questioned the political loyalty of Christian converts and adopted a policy of religious persecution.
c. Christianity became more unified as it spread, with Rome as its undisputed center.
d. Christianity was endorsed by states in Europe and North Africa.
____ 26. Disagreements over the meaning of the Buddha’s teachings led to
a. clear-cut distinctions between “right” and “wrong” ideas.
b. a series of councils that resulted in the standardization of Buddhism.
c. a proliferation of different sects, practices, and meditation techniques.
d. the development of a religious hierarchy headed by the orthodox church.
____ 27. How did Christianity change in the first 500 years since its emergence?
a. The egalitarian small house churches during Jesus’s lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church.
b. Christianity changed from a religion of ritual and sacrifice to one of devotion and worship of many gods.
c. Christianity evolved from philosophical reflections on the meaning of life to a fascination with the supernatural.
d. Reason replaced faith as the means of discovering the truth about the universe, resulting in the emergence of Protestantism.
____ 28. Which of the following included a distinctively supernatural dimension?
a. Greek rationalism c. Legalism
b. Mahayana Buddhism d. Judaism
____ 29. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were associated with
a. the Vedas. c. Legalism.
b. Zoroastrianism. d. Greek rationalism.
____ 30. Which of the following inferences can be made based on Map 4.1 in the textbook?
a. The spread of Buddhism and Christianity occurred rapidly and in a short period of time.
b. The spread of Buddhism and Christianity sparked religious wars.
c. Christianity established a presence in Asia, but Buddhism did not take hold in Europe.
d. Buddhism and Christianity spread only where the state provided protection.
____ 31. In Source 4.1, the three-pronged emblem known as a triratna symbolizes the
a. three Indian female earth spirits linked to fertility.
b. religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism.
c. bodhisattvas who guided believers to nirvana.
d. Buddha, his teaching, and the Buddhist community.
____ 32. As a result of contact between the Gandhara region of South Asia and the Roman Empire, artists began to portray the Buddha by the first century C.E.
a. in human form. c. as a horse with no rider.
b. as an empty throne. d. with numerous heads.
____ 33. The emergence of the Bodhisattva of Compassion (depicted in Source 4.3) and other bodhisattva figures as objects of worship and sources of comfort was associated with
a. Hinduism. c. Mahayana Buddhism.
b. Christianity. d. the Gandhara style.
____ 34. Depictions of the Maitreya Buddha in China often portrayed the Buddha
a. under the Bodhi tree. c. as a set of footprints.
b. with multiple heads. d. as a laughing figure.
____ 35. How have representations of the Buddha changed from the second century to the fourteenth century?
a. The earliest depictions showed the Buddha as a god, while later representations relied on symbols.
b. The earliest depictions of the Buddha relied on symbols, while later representations showed the Buddha in various human forms.
c. The earliest depictions showed the Buddha in various human forms, while later representations shunned any depiction of him in human form.
d. The earliest depictions showed the Buddha with animal-like features, while later representations resembled the Roman gods.
Matching
Terms
a. Legalism l. Zoroastrianism
b. Confucianism m. Judaism
c. Ban Zhao n. Greek rationalism
d. Daoism o. Socrates
e. Vedas p. Plato
f. Upanishads q. Aristotle
g. Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) r. Jesus of Nazareth
h. Theraveda s. Saint Paul
i. Mahayana t. Church of the East
j. Nalanda u. Perpetua
k. Bhagavad Gita
____ 1. A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.
____ 2. A theologically and organizationally distinct Christian church based in Syria and Persia but with followers in southern India and Central Asia.
____ 3. The Chinese philosophy, first enunciated by Confucius, that advocated the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.
____ 4. A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.
____ 5. The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.–ca. 30 C.E.).
____ 6. The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice.
____ 7. A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.
____ 8. “Great Vehicle,” the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era; it gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original Buddhism.
____ 9. The first great popularizer of Christianity (10–65 C.E.)
____ 10. The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566–ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism.
____ 11. The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469–399 B.C.E.).
____ 12. Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.
____ 13. Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.
____ 14. The Greek philosopher (384–322 B.C.E.) who was a student of Plato and a teacher of Alexander the Great and who was famous for his reflections on ethics. He argued that virtue was a product of rational training and cultivated habit, and could be learned.
____ 15. A young, female Christian convert from an affluent Roman family who was arrested and tried during the persecutions of new converts ordered by Roman emperor Septimus Severus. She left behind a highly personal account of her arrest and trial in her diary.
Multiple Choice
____ 1. Which of the following belief systems focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and human life?
a. Confucianism c. Zoroastrianism
b. Buddhism d. Christianity
____ 2. Some elements of Zoroastrianism found expression in which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?
a. Daoism c. Judaism
b. Confucianism d. Hinduism
____ 3. Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because they both
a. rejected the religious authority of the Brahmins.
b. rejected the concept of karma.
c. offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.
d. promoted monotheism.
____ 4. Which of the following systems of thought proclaimed that a system of rewards and punishment was the most effective way to govern people?
a. Confucianism c. Buddhism
b. Daoism d. Legalism
____ 5. Which of the following actions would a follower of Daoism take?
a. Engage in public life c. Pursue higher education
b. Withdraw from politics d. Work for social change
____ 6. Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
a. The concepts of heaven and hell c. The notion of reincarnation
b. The idea of Brahman (World Soul) d. The unity of opposites
____ 7. Which of the following groups emphasized argument, logic, reason, and questioning of received wisdom?
a. Confucian scholars c. Daoist philosophers
b. Greek thinkers d. Zoroastrian rulers
____ 8. The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu lies at the heart of which religion?
a. Buddhism c. Judaism
b. Hinduism d. Zoroastrianism
____ 9. Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?
a. Reverence for organized religion c. Respect for received wisdom
b. Confidence in human reason d. Deference to established authority
____ 10. Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.E.?
a. All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe.
b. All played down the value of humankind and glorified the natural world.
c. All drew on rational and secular explanations of the universe.
d. All favored communal ritual as the means to organize human society
____ 11. Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society?
a. Confucianism was adopted as the state religion of China.
b. Confucianism placed a high value on education and ritual.
c. Confucianism encouraged individualistic values.
d. Confucianism challenged social and gender hierarchies.
____ 12. Which of the following contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India?
a. Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.
b. India failed to establish Buddhist monasteries.
c. Buddhism was suppressed by Emperor Ashoka.
d. There was too much competition from Confucianism.
____ 13. Which of the following experiences did both the Buddha and Jesus share?
a. They were transformed by their followers into gods.
b. They were persecuted by Zoroastrian rulers.
c. They traveled to Africa to spread their religion.
d. They allied themselves with religious authorities.
____ 14. Which of the following reflects a view of women found in Confucianism, Hinduism, and Christianity?
a. Women should obey men. c. Women are a source of goodness.
b. Women are better rulers. d. Women should be enslaved.
____ 15. Which of the following statements describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism as understood by Chinese elites?
a. Daoism is an offshoot of Confucianism that develops the mystical elements inherent in Confucius’s teachings.
b. Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory.
c. Most Confucians dismissed Daoism as meaningless superstition.
d. Most Daoists despised Confucians because their policies fostered cosmic chaos.
____ 16. Which of the following is a text associated with Hinduism?
a. Daodejing c. Analects
b. Lessons for Women d. Bhagavad Gita
____ 17. Which of the following is a central feature of the Hindu notion of karma?
a. Moksha (liberation) c. Nirvana (enlightenment)
b. Atman (soul) d. Samsara (rebirth)
____ 18. Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?
a. The idea that ordinary life is an illusion
b. The practice of meditation and prayer
c. The religious authority of the Brahmins
d. The goal of overcoming the demands of the ego
____ 19. In contrast to Theravada Buddhism, the Mahayana version portrayed the Buddha as a
a. god. c. priest.
b. teacher. d. bodhisattva.
____ 20. Which of the following refers to a feature of the conception of the divine found in Judaism?
a. A view of heaven as a state in which individual identity is extinguished
b. An understanding of God as engaged in history and demanding social justice
c. A notion that primal unitary energy creates divine reality
d. A principle of the way of nature underlies everything and never changes
____ 21. What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism have in common?
a. A fervent belief in the supernatural
b. A diverse pantheon of gods
c. A monotheistic perspective on religion
d. A secular approach to understanding the world
____ 22. Which one of the following represents a way that Greek scholarship influenced the world?
a. Greek learning was incorporated into Confucianism, creating a hybrid philosophy.
b. Greek knowledge became a central element in an emerging “Eastern” civilization.
c. Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals.
d. Greek ideas entered India and were absorbed into Hinduism.
____ 23. What did Confucius, Zarathustra, and Siddhartha Gautama have in common?
a. They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.
b. Their teachings had a sharp social and political edge.
c. They criticized the hypocrisies of the powerful.
d. They all spoke on behalf of the poor and oppressed.
____ 24. What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common?
a. They both ultimately died out in the land of their birth as their ideas were absorbed into other religious traditions.
b. They both started out as an effort to reform the religions from they which they had come but soon emerged as separate religions.
c. They were both associated with a particular people and territory, and denied salvation to outsiders.
d. Neither ever became an active missionary religion and did not spread widely beyond the region of their birth.
____ 25. Which of the following statements reflects the state of Christianity by 500 C.E.?
a. It was clear to all that the future of Christianity would be in Europe.
b. States questioned the political loyalty of Christian converts and adopted a policy of religious persecution.
c. Christianity became more unified as it spread, with Rome as its undisputed center.
d. Christianity was endorsed by states in Europe and North Africa.
____ 26. Disagreements over the meaning of the Buddha’s teachings led to
a. clear-cut distinctions between “right” and “wrong” ideas.
b. a series of councils that resulted in the standardization of Buddhism.
c. a proliferation of different sects, practices, and meditation techniques.
d. the development of a religious hierarchy headed by the orthodox church.
____ 27. How did Christianity change in the first 500 years since its emergence?
a. The egalitarian small house churches during Jesus’s lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church.
b. Christianity changed from a religion of ritual and sacrifice to one of devotion and worship of many gods.
c. Christianity evolved from philosophical reflections on the meaning of life to a fascination with the supernatural.
d. Reason replaced faith as the means of discovering the truth about the universe, resulting in the emergence of Protestantism.
____ 28. Which of the following included a distinctively supernatural dimension?
a. Greek rationalism c. Legalism
b. Mahayana Buddhism d. Judaism
____ 29. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were associated with
a. the Vedas. c. Legalism.
b. Zoroastrianism. d. Greek rationalism.
____ 30. Which of the following inferences can be made based on Map 4.1 in the textbook?
a. The spread of Buddhism and Christianity occurred rapidly and in a short period of time.
b. The spread of Buddhism and Christianity sparked religious wars.
c. Christianity established a presence in Asia, but Buddhism did not take hold in Europe.
d. Buddhism and Christianity spread only where the state provided protection.
____ 31. In Source 4.1, the three-pronged emblem known as a triratna symbolizes the
a. three Indian female earth spirits linked to fertility.
b. religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism.
c. bodhisattvas who guided believers to nirvana.
d. Buddha, his teaching, and the Buddhist community.
____ 32. As a result of contact between the Gandhara region of South Asia and the Roman Empire, artists began to portray the Buddha by the first century C.E.
a. in human form. c. as a horse with no rider.
b. as an empty throne. d. with numerous heads.
____ 33. The emergence of the Bodhisattva of Compassion (depicted in Source 4.3) and other bodhisattva figures as objects of worship and sources of comfort was associated with
a. Hinduism. c. Mahayana Buddhism.
b. Christianity. d. the Gandhara style.
____ 34. Depictions of the Maitreya Buddha in China often portrayed the Buddha
a. under the Bodhi tree. c. as a set of footprints.
b. with multiple heads. d. as a laughing figure.
____ 35. How have representations of the Buddha changed from the second century to the fourteenth century?
a. The earliest depictions showed the Buddha as a god, while later representations relied on symbols.
b. The earliest depictions of the Buddha relied on symbols, while later representations showed the Buddha in various human forms.
c. The earliest depictions showed the Buddha in various human forms, while later representations shunned any depiction of him in human form.
d. The earliest depictions showed the Buddha with animal-like features, while later representations resembled the Roman gods.
Matching
Terms
a. Legalism l. Zoroastrianism
b. Confucianism m. Judaism
c. Ban Zhao n. Greek rationalism
d. Daoism o. Socrates
e. Vedas p. Plato
f. Upanishads q. Aristotle
g. Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) r. Jesus of Nazareth
h. Theraveda s. Saint Paul
i. Mahayana t. Church of the East
j. Nalanda u. Perpetua
k. Bhagavad Gita
____ 1. A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.
____ 2. A theologically and organizationally distinct Christian church based in Syria and Persia but with followers in southern India and Central Asia.
____ 3. The Chinese philosophy, first enunciated by Confucius, that advocated the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.
____ 4. A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.
____ 5. The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.–ca. 30 C.E.).
____ 6. The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice.
____ 7. A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.
____ 8. “Great Vehicle,” the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era; it gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original Buddhism.
____ 9. The first great popularizer of Christianity (10–65 C.E.)
____ 10. The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566–ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism.
____ 11. The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469–399 B.C.E.).
____ 12. Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.
____ 13. Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.
____ 14. The Greek philosopher (384–322 B.C.E.) who was a student of Plato and a teacher of Alexander the Great and who was famous for his reflections on ethics. He argued that virtue was a product of rational training and cultivated habit, and could be learned.
____ 15. A young, female Christian convert from an affluent Roman family who was arrested and tried during the persecutions of new converts ordered by Roman emperor Septimus Severus. She left behind a highly personal account of her arrest and trial in her diary.
APWH - Ch. 4 MASTERY TEST
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A
2. ANS: C
3. ANS: C
4. ANS: D
5. ANS: B
6. ANS: A
7. ANS: B
8. ANS: D
9. ANS: B
10. ANS: A
11. ANS: B
12. ANS: A
13. ANS: A
14. ANS: A
15. ANS: B
16. ANS: D
17. ANS: D
18. ANS: C
19. ANS: A
20. ANS: B
21. ANS: D
22. ANS: C
23. ANS: A
24. ANS: B
25. ANS: D
26. ANS: C
27. ANS: A
28. ANS: B
29. ANS: D
30. ANS: C
31. ANS: D
32. ANS: A
33. ANS: C
34. ANS: D
35. ANS: B
MATCHING
1. ANS: K
2. ANS: T
3. ANS: B
4. ANS: D
5. ANS: R
6. ANS: M
7. ANS: A
8. ANS: I
9. ANS: S
10. ANS: G
11. ANS: O
12. ANS: F
13. ANS: L
14. ANS: Q
15. ANS: U