APWH - Ch. 5 Mastery Quiz Society & Religion
Multiple Choice
____ 1. Which of the following has been put forward by scholars as a possible factor in the emergence of slavery within the First Civilizations?
a. Long periods of peace c. The domestication of animals
b. The decline of patriarchy d. Discrimination based on race
____ 2. How was India’s social structure different from that of China?
a. India had fewer distinct social groups.
b. Indian social groups were defined more rigidly.
c. Status in India was associated with literary learning.
d. Social distinctions in India were more fluid.
____ 3. Which of the following was part of the reform program launched by Wang Mang following his seizure of the Chinese throne in 8 C.E.?
a. The creation of large private estates
b. State protection of the practice of slavery
c. Oversight of officials by landlords
d. Government loans to peasant families
____ 4. Like the First Civilizations, societies of the second-wave era
a. lacked sharp class divisions. c. had a small slave population.
b. were patriarchal in organization. d. were based on written constitutions.
____ 5. China was unique in the ancient world in the extent to which
a. the state practice of slaveholding defined the society.
b. its social organization was shaped by the actions of the state.
c. the caste system defined its social structure.
d. women were allowed a role in public life.
____ 6. India and China during the classical era were similar in which of the following respects?
a. Birth had no place in determining the social status of most people.
b. Social prestige was attained primarily through service to the state.
c. It was easy for people to improve their social status through hard work.
d. Sharp distinctions and great inequalities characterized the social order.
____ 7. Which of the following describes a feature of the jati system in India?
a. Individual jatis were locked into an unchanging hierarchy in relation to other jatis.
b. An individual within a jati could switch to another jati by paying a fee.
c. A jati could raise its standing in relation to other jatis by acquiring land or wealth.
d. The jati system divided Indian society into the aristocracy and the commoners.
____ 8. During the classical era, slaves comprised more than one-third of the total population in
a. India. c. the Persian Empire.
b. China. d. the Greco-Roman world.
____ 9. The growth of democracy in classical Athens was accompanied by
a. the simultaneous growth of slavery on a massive scale.
b. the abolition of slavery.
c. harsh criticism from Greek intellectuals like Aristotle.
d. the association of slave status with race.
____ 10. In which of the following ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest restrictions?
a. Han China c. Sparta
b. Athens d. Classical India
____ 11. Which of the following philosophical or religious traditions provided a unifying ideology for peasant rebellions in China?
a. Hinduism c. Daoism
b. Confucianism d. Legalism
____ 12. Which of the following describes women’s status in the classical civilizations?
a. Upper-class women had a tendency to live less restricted lives than lower-class women.
b. Women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared to those living in pastoral societies.
c. Public life in general was a male domain, while women’s roles took place mostly in domestic settings.
d. Women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared to those who lived in Neolithic agricultural village societies.
____ 13. In contrast to women in Athens, women in Sparta
a. were more strictly confined to the home.
b. married men close to their age.
c. participated in government.
d. were praised as having superior intelligence.
____ 14. How did the centuries of political fragmentation and conflict following the fall of the Han Empire affect the lives of Chinese women?
a. Women found themselves more restricted than ever before.
b. Women were removed from positions as priests, nuns, and reclusive mediators.
c. The strict patriarchy supported by Confucianism was loosened.
d. Women were encouraged to be more assertive in their relationships with men.
____ 15. Slaveholding was least widespread and least central to the economy of
a. Athens. c. Sparta.
b. China. d. imperial Rome.
____ 16. The world’s first and longest lasting professional civil service emerged in
a. Persia. c. India.
b. Athens. d. China.
____ 17. Peasants were honored and merchants were looked down upon in the official ideology of
a. China. c. Sparta.
b. India. d. the Roman Empire.
____ 18. Which group was at the top of the caste system in India?
a. Scholar-gentry c. Brahmin
b. Merchants d. Peasants
____ 19. The combination of natural disasters, high taxes and rents, and state demands for labor and military service often sparked peasant rebellions in
a. India. c. Sparta.
b. China. d. Athens.
____ 20. Membership in a jati was based on a person’s
a. race. c. birthplace.
b. age. d. occupation.
____ 21. The inequalities of the caste system received support from
a. Hindu notions of karma, dharma, and rebirth.
b. Buddhist notions of nirvana and enlightenment.
c. Confucian notions of propriety and ritual.
d. Daoist notions of the supernatural and immortality.
____ 22. In India, the jati to which one belonged determined
a. the language one spoke. c. whom one could marry.
b. the sect of Hinduism one practiced. d. how much land one could own.
____ 23. In India, the caste system encouraged loyalty to
a. the imperial state. c. female ancestors.
b. local communities. d. political officials.
____ 24. Which of the following was a major source of slaves in the Roman Empire?
a. Untouchables c. Soldiers
b. Peasants d. Prisoners of war
____ 25. Although slaves in the Roman Empire performed all work, from the most prestigious to the most degrading, they were prohibited from
a. serving in the military. c. working in government.
b. practicing medicine. d. conducting business.
____ 26. Which of the following is an example of the “weapons of the weak” used by slaves to resist their enslavement?
a. Varna c. Sabotage
b. Manumission d. Obedience
____ 27. In general, patriarchal systems that restricted women’s lives were weakest
a. during long periods of peace and stability.
b. in the early years of a civilization’s development.
c. in societies with sharp class distinctions.
d. in urban-based civilizations at the height of their power.
____ 28. Although the practice of patriarchy varied in the classical civilizations, they all
a. prohibited women of all classes from entering public spaces.
b. challenged the assumption that female inferiority was natural.
c. conceptualized women’s essential nature in terms of ritual purity.
d. defined women’s roles in reproductive and kinship terms.
____ 29. In what way were the Yellow Turban Rebellion in Han China and Spartacus’s revolt in the Roman Empire similar?
a. Both were large-scale, violent reactions to oppressive conditions.
b. Both featured supernatural healings and collective trances.
c. Both succeeded in persuading the government to implement reforms.
d. Both saw women assuming leadership roles.
____ 30. The Appian Way between Capua and Rome was the path along which
a. runaway slaves traveled on their road to freedom.
b. helots traveled on their way to Sparta.
c. slaves defeated in the Spartacus’s revolt were nailed to crosses.
d. prisoners of war were forced to march.
____ 31. The details in the portrait of Terentius Neo and his wife in Source 5.1 suggest that
a. the husband was an impoverished freedman.
b. the wife held the position of magistrate.
c. both the husband and wife were foreigners.
d. both the husband and wife were literate.
____ 32. The painting of the Pompeii banquet in Source 5.2 highlights what aspect of Roman society?
a. The practice of slavery among the elite
b. The freedom enjoyed by elite women
c. The role of women as barmaids
d. The centrality of the imperial cult
____ 33. The frescoes from a Pompeii tavern in Source 5.3 reveal that a popular pastime of the lower classes was
a. bathing. c. gambling.
b. reading. d. singing.
____ 34. What does the domestic shrine called the lararia depicted in Source 5.4 suggest about Roman religious life in the first century C.E.?
a. The daily lives of Romans revolved around the cult of the emperor.
b. Romans believed that guardian spirits provided protection within the home.
c. The use of the snake as a symbol of evil reflected the influence of Christianity.
d. The worship of household gods entailed ritual initiation into sacred mysteries.
____ 35. The wall painting on the building known as the Villa of Mysteries in Source 5.5 shows women participating in a process of religious initiation associated with the cult
a. Dionysus. c. the emperor.
b. Isis. d. lares.
MATCHING
a. Wang Mang
b. China’s scholar-gentry class
c. Ge Hong
d. Yellow Turban Rebellion
e. caste as varna
f. caste as jati
g. “ritual purity” in Indian social practice
h. Greek slavery
i. Roman slavery
j. Spartacus
k. patriarchy
l. the “three obediences”
m. Empress Wu
n. Aspasia
o. Pericles
____ 36. A woman resident in Athens (ca. 470–400 B.C.E.) who was famed for her learning and wit, and was Pericles’ partner.
____ 37. A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495–429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens’s Golden Age; Aspasia’s partner.
____ 38. The system of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia; it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes.
____ 39. The addition of thousands of social distinctions to the caste system based on occupation, which became the main cell of social life in India.
____ 40. A term used to describe members of China’s landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials.
____ 41. A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.
____ 42. The only female emperor in Chinese history (r. 690–705 C.E.), she patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.
____ 43. Born into an upper-class family in China during troubled times (283–343 C.E.), his efforts to balance Confucian service to society and his own desire to pursue a more solitary and interior life in the Daoist tradition reflected the situation of many in his class.
____ 44. In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. In one of these cultures, household service was the most common form of slavery.
____ 45. In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. In parts of one of these states, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations.
____ 46. The dependent, semi-enslaved class of Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society.
____ 47. The idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.
____ 48. In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son.
____ 49. A Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E. to 23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates.
____ 50. A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony.
APWH - Ch. 5 Mastery Quiz Society & Religion
Answer Section
1. ANS: C TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
2. ANS: B TOP: Class and Caste in India
3. ANS: D TOP: Society and the State in China
4. ANS: B TOP: Introduction to the chapter | Comparing Patriarchies
5. ANS: B TOP: Society and the State in China
6. ANS: D TOP: Society and the State in China | Class and Caste in India
7. ANS: C TOP: Class and Caste in India
8. ANS: D TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
9. ANS: A TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
10. ANS: C TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
11. ANS: C TOP: Society and the State in China
12. ANS: C TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
13. ANS: B TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
14. ANS: C TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
15. ANS: B TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
16. ANS: D TOP: Society and the State in China
17. ANS: A TOP: Society and the State in China
18. ANS: C TOP: Class and Caste in India
19. ANS: B TOP: Society and the State in China
20. ANS: D TOP: Class and Caste in India
21. ANS: A TOP: Class and Caste in India
22. ANS: C TOP: Class and Caste in India
23. ANS: B TOP: Class and Caste in India
24. ANS: D TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
25. ANS: A TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
26. ANS: C TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
27. ANS: B TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
28. ANS: D TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
29. ANS: A TOP: Society and the State in China | Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
30. ANS: C TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
31. ANS: D
32. ANS: A
33. ANS: C
34. ANS: B
35. ANS: A
36. ANS: N
37. ANS: O
38. ANS: E
39. ANS: F
40. ANS: B
41. ANS: J
42. ANS: M
43. ANS: C
44. ANS: H
45. ANS: I
46. ANS: P
47. ANS. G
48. ANS: L
49. ANS: A
50. ANS: D
Multiple Choice
____ 1. Which of the following has been put forward by scholars as a possible factor in the emergence of slavery within the First Civilizations?
a. Long periods of peace c. The domestication of animals
b. The decline of patriarchy d. Discrimination based on race
____ 2. How was India’s social structure different from that of China?
a. India had fewer distinct social groups.
b. Indian social groups were defined more rigidly.
c. Status in India was associated with literary learning.
d. Social distinctions in India were more fluid.
____ 3. Which of the following was part of the reform program launched by Wang Mang following his seizure of the Chinese throne in 8 C.E.?
a. The creation of large private estates
b. State protection of the practice of slavery
c. Oversight of officials by landlords
d. Government loans to peasant families
____ 4. Like the First Civilizations, societies of the second-wave era
a. lacked sharp class divisions. c. had a small slave population.
b. were patriarchal in organization. d. were based on written constitutions.
____ 5. China was unique in the ancient world in the extent to which
a. the state practice of slaveholding defined the society.
b. its social organization was shaped by the actions of the state.
c. the caste system defined its social structure.
d. women were allowed a role in public life.
____ 6. India and China during the classical era were similar in which of the following respects?
a. Birth had no place in determining the social status of most people.
b. Social prestige was attained primarily through service to the state.
c. It was easy for people to improve their social status through hard work.
d. Sharp distinctions and great inequalities characterized the social order.
____ 7. Which of the following describes a feature of the jati system in India?
a. Individual jatis were locked into an unchanging hierarchy in relation to other jatis.
b. An individual within a jati could switch to another jati by paying a fee.
c. A jati could raise its standing in relation to other jatis by acquiring land or wealth.
d. The jati system divided Indian society into the aristocracy and the commoners.
____ 8. During the classical era, slaves comprised more than one-third of the total population in
a. India. c. the Persian Empire.
b. China. d. the Greco-Roman world.
____ 9. The growth of democracy in classical Athens was accompanied by
a. the simultaneous growth of slavery on a massive scale.
b. the abolition of slavery.
c. harsh criticism from Greek intellectuals like Aristotle.
d. the association of slave status with race.
____ 10. In which of the following ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest restrictions?
a. Han China c. Sparta
b. Athens d. Classical India
____ 11. Which of the following philosophical or religious traditions provided a unifying ideology for peasant rebellions in China?
a. Hinduism c. Daoism
b. Confucianism d. Legalism
____ 12. Which of the following describes women’s status in the classical civilizations?
a. Upper-class women had a tendency to live less restricted lives than lower-class women.
b. Women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared to those living in pastoral societies.
c. Public life in general was a male domain, while women’s roles took place mostly in domestic settings.
d. Women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared to those who lived in Neolithic agricultural village societies.
____ 13. In contrast to women in Athens, women in Sparta
a. were more strictly confined to the home.
b. married men close to their age.
c. participated in government.
d. were praised as having superior intelligence.
____ 14. How did the centuries of political fragmentation and conflict following the fall of the Han Empire affect the lives of Chinese women?
a. Women found themselves more restricted than ever before.
b. Women were removed from positions as priests, nuns, and reclusive mediators.
c. The strict patriarchy supported by Confucianism was loosened.
d. Women were encouraged to be more assertive in their relationships with men.
____ 15. Slaveholding was least widespread and least central to the economy of
a. Athens. c. Sparta.
b. China. d. imperial Rome.
____ 16. The world’s first and longest lasting professional civil service emerged in
a. Persia. c. India.
b. Athens. d. China.
____ 17. Peasants were honored and merchants were looked down upon in the official ideology of
a. China. c. Sparta.
b. India. d. the Roman Empire.
____ 18. Which group was at the top of the caste system in India?
a. Scholar-gentry c. Brahmin
b. Merchants d. Peasants
____ 19. The combination of natural disasters, high taxes and rents, and state demands for labor and military service often sparked peasant rebellions in
a. India. c. Sparta.
b. China. d. Athens.
____ 20. Membership in a jati was based on a person’s
a. race. c. birthplace.
b. age. d. occupation.
____ 21. The inequalities of the caste system received support from
a. Hindu notions of karma, dharma, and rebirth.
b. Buddhist notions of nirvana and enlightenment.
c. Confucian notions of propriety and ritual.
d. Daoist notions of the supernatural and immortality.
____ 22. In India, the jati to which one belonged determined
a. the language one spoke. c. whom one could marry.
b. the sect of Hinduism one practiced. d. how much land one could own.
____ 23. In India, the caste system encouraged loyalty to
a. the imperial state. c. female ancestors.
b. local communities. d. political officials.
____ 24. Which of the following was a major source of slaves in the Roman Empire?
a. Untouchables c. Soldiers
b. Peasants d. Prisoners of war
____ 25. Although slaves in the Roman Empire performed all work, from the most prestigious to the most degrading, they were prohibited from
a. serving in the military. c. working in government.
b. practicing medicine. d. conducting business.
____ 26. Which of the following is an example of the “weapons of the weak” used by slaves to resist their enslavement?
a. Varna c. Sabotage
b. Manumission d. Obedience
____ 27. In general, patriarchal systems that restricted women’s lives were weakest
a. during long periods of peace and stability.
b. in the early years of a civilization’s development.
c. in societies with sharp class distinctions.
d. in urban-based civilizations at the height of their power.
____ 28. Although the practice of patriarchy varied in the classical civilizations, they all
a. prohibited women of all classes from entering public spaces.
b. challenged the assumption that female inferiority was natural.
c. conceptualized women’s essential nature in terms of ritual purity.
d. defined women’s roles in reproductive and kinship terms.
____ 29. In what way were the Yellow Turban Rebellion in Han China and Spartacus’s revolt in the Roman Empire similar?
a. Both were large-scale, violent reactions to oppressive conditions.
b. Both featured supernatural healings and collective trances.
c. Both succeeded in persuading the government to implement reforms.
d. Both saw women assuming leadership roles.
____ 30. The Appian Way between Capua and Rome was the path along which
a. runaway slaves traveled on their road to freedom.
b. helots traveled on their way to Sparta.
c. slaves defeated in the Spartacus’s revolt were nailed to crosses.
d. prisoners of war were forced to march.
____ 31. The details in the portrait of Terentius Neo and his wife in Source 5.1 suggest that
a. the husband was an impoverished freedman.
b. the wife held the position of magistrate.
c. both the husband and wife were foreigners.
d. both the husband and wife were literate.
____ 32. The painting of the Pompeii banquet in Source 5.2 highlights what aspect of Roman society?
a. The practice of slavery among the elite
b. The freedom enjoyed by elite women
c. The role of women as barmaids
d. The centrality of the imperial cult
____ 33. The frescoes from a Pompeii tavern in Source 5.3 reveal that a popular pastime of the lower classes was
a. bathing. c. gambling.
b. reading. d. singing.
____ 34. What does the domestic shrine called the lararia depicted in Source 5.4 suggest about Roman religious life in the first century C.E.?
a. The daily lives of Romans revolved around the cult of the emperor.
b. Romans believed that guardian spirits provided protection within the home.
c. The use of the snake as a symbol of evil reflected the influence of Christianity.
d. The worship of household gods entailed ritual initiation into sacred mysteries.
____ 35. The wall painting on the building known as the Villa of Mysteries in Source 5.5 shows women participating in a process of religious initiation associated with the cult
a. Dionysus. c. the emperor.
b. Isis. d. lares.
MATCHING
a. Wang Mang
b. China’s scholar-gentry class
c. Ge Hong
d. Yellow Turban Rebellion
e. caste as varna
f. caste as jati
g. “ritual purity” in Indian social practice
h. Greek slavery
i. Roman slavery
j. Spartacus
k. patriarchy
l. the “three obediences”
m. Empress Wu
n. Aspasia
o. Pericles
____ 36. A woman resident in Athens (ca. 470–400 B.C.E.) who was famed for her learning and wit, and was Pericles’ partner.
____ 37. A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495–429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens’s Golden Age; Aspasia’s partner.
____ 38. The system of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia; it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes.
____ 39. The addition of thousands of social distinctions to the caste system based on occupation, which became the main cell of social life in India.
____ 40. A term used to describe members of China’s landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials.
____ 41. A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.
____ 42. The only female emperor in Chinese history (r. 690–705 C.E.), she patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.
____ 43. Born into an upper-class family in China during troubled times (283–343 C.E.), his efforts to balance Confucian service to society and his own desire to pursue a more solitary and interior life in the Daoist tradition reflected the situation of many in his class.
____ 44. In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. In one of these cultures, household service was the most common form of slavery.
____ 45. In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. In parts of one of these states, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations.
____ 46. The dependent, semi-enslaved class of Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society.
____ 47. The idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.
____ 48. In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son.
____ 49. A Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E. to 23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates.
____ 50. A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony.
APWH - Ch. 5 Mastery Quiz Society & Religion
Answer Section
1. ANS: C TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
2. ANS: B TOP: Class and Caste in India
3. ANS: D TOP: Society and the State in China
4. ANS: B TOP: Introduction to the chapter | Comparing Patriarchies
5. ANS: B TOP: Society and the State in China
6. ANS: D TOP: Society and the State in China | Class and Caste in India
7. ANS: C TOP: Class and Caste in India
8. ANS: D TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
9. ANS: A TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
10. ANS: C TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
11. ANS: C TOP: Society and the State in China
12. ANS: C TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
13. ANS: B TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
14. ANS: C TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
15. ANS: B TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
16. ANS: D TOP: Society and the State in China
17. ANS: A TOP: Society and the State in China
18. ANS: C TOP: Class and Caste in India
19. ANS: B TOP: Society and the State in China
20. ANS: D TOP: Class and Caste in India
21. ANS: A TOP: Class and Caste in India
22. ANS: C TOP: Class and Caste in India
23. ANS: B TOP: Class and Caste in India
24. ANS: D TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
25. ANS: A TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
26. ANS: C TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
27. ANS: B TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
28. ANS: D TOP: Comparing Patriarchies
29. ANS: A TOP: Society and the State in China | Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
30. ANS: C TOP: Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
31. ANS: D
32. ANS: A
33. ANS: C
34. ANS: B
35. ANS: A
36. ANS: N
37. ANS: O
38. ANS: E
39. ANS: F
40. ANS: B
41. ANS: J
42. ANS: M
43. ANS: C
44. ANS: H
45. ANS: I
46. ANS: P
47. ANS. G
48. ANS: L
49. ANS: A
50. ANS: D