Chapter 8 - China & Islam
1. What led to the split in Islam?
2. What two empires were the forerunners of the Arab empire?
3. What did these empires link?
4. What were the differences between Arab areas and Westerern
5. What areas did the Arabs live in 600?
6. How were the Arabs used by other empires?
7. What types of jobs did those in the peninsula do?
8. What is the Empty Quarter and what did it do?
9. What were the exceptions to the pattern?
10. What boosted caravan trading?
11. What cultures were the traders exposed to?
12. What is the Ka’ba?
13. How did the Arabs view Abraham
14. What is the Night of Power and Excellence?
15. What is God called in Arabic?
16. When did Muhammad die?
17. What did Arabs believe in before Muhammad’s preaching? How did this help convince the people of Muhammad’s teachings?
18. What was the earliest revelation?
19. What did Muhammad say about Judaism and Christianity?
20. Who did Muhammad’s teaching appeal to?
21. What explains his success?
22. Why did leaders not accept Muhammad’s teachings?
23. What is the hijira? What does it mark?
24. Why did people trust Muhammad as their leader?
25. What did Muhammad do to the Jewish groups in Medina?
26. What was the difference about the supremacy of Medina?
27. Who was chosen as Muhammad’s successor? Why?
28. What title was given to the successor?
29. What didn’t Muhammad’s revelations provide for in regards to a successor?
30. What was the Five Pillars of Islam?
31. Why did the Arabs start fighting?
32. What did the umma start to disagree about? What were the results?
33. How do Shi’ites see the office of caliph?
34. what do the Sunnis belive?
35. What did Sunni Islam not give to anyone?
36. How is this different?
37. Who began conquest outside Arabia?
38 What areas came under control of the Arabs and when?
39. Who led the conquest? Why?
40. What gave way to flexible military operations?
41. What ensured obedience?
42. What aspect of Umar’s caliphate became important? Why?
43. What were the effects of this system?
44. Why did Islam not spread during the conquest period?
45. What did the Umayyad’s rule over?
46.What gradual changes did they make?
47. Why did the Umayyad’s fall?
48. What was the percent of converts?
49. Why did people not want to convert?
50. How did the Abbasid’s gain power?
51 When did the Abbasid’s gain power? Lose?
52. What was the focus of the Abbasid’s early on?
53. What did the Abbasid’s adopt? Why?
54. In what ways did the elite become more "cosmopolitan"?
55. What is Arabian Nights? Why is it significant to history?
56. What was Egypt like during the Abbasid rule? Iran? What happened with North Africa?
57. Why did the number of converts accelerate in the 2nd century?
58. What did those living in urban areas lose?
59. Why did the Abbasids start to lose power?
60. Why did the large number of converts affect the justification of an empire?
61. What did the new states stop? Effects?
62. What crisis did the caliphate face in the 9th century?
63. What led to caliphate financial decline?
94. What was the final blow to the Abbasid’s empire?
65. What paralleled the caliphate’s loss of power?
66. What new states were created out of the fall?
67. What exchange system developed?
68. Who were the Fatimids and where did they take over?
69. What type of culture was created in Umayyad Spain? Why was it unique?
70. What happened in the east?
71. What happened to the title of caliph?
72. Who was Judah Halevi? Maimonides? Ibn Hazm? Ibn Rushd? Ibn Tufayl? Ibn al-Arabi?
73. What stereotype of the Turk emerged?
74. What title did the Turk leader take?
75. What areas did the Seljuk Turks control?
76. What happened to the cities the Seljuk Turks took over?
77. What gulf grew under the Turks?
78. What happened to Baghdad?
79. What other than the Turks is to blame for Iran and Iraq’s fates?
80. What internal issues arose for the Turks?
81. Under whom did the Muslim’s unite? What did he accomplish?
82. Who is Saladin? What is his importance?
83. What ended Saladin’s rule in Egypt?
84. Who defeated the mamluks?
85. Who ruled Egypt until 1517?
86. What effect did the Mongols have on the Muslim world?
87. What evolved despite political problems?
88. What allowed for the coexistence of "great" and "small" traditions?
89. What is the Shari’a?
90. What was the only guidance of Islam during Muhammad’s life?
91. What made this tradition difficult to maintain?
92. What do the laws govern?
93. What did Muslim thinkers think was the best resolution to issues?
94. What is sunna?
95.What was the argument that developed during the evolution of Islamic law?
96. What was the problem with the hadith?
97. What was the split of the hadith by Sunnis and Shi’ites?
98. What was the umma that was developed? What did conversion not require?
99. What did a convert have to do to become a Muslim?
100. What knowledge did most converts possess? Why was it so limited?
2. What two empires were the forerunners of the Arab empire?
3. What did these empires link?
4. What were the differences between Arab areas and Westerern
5. What areas did the Arabs live in 600?
6. How were the Arabs used by other empires?
7. What types of jobs did those in the peninsula do?
8. What is the Empty Quarter and what did it do?
9. What were the exceptions to the pattern?
10. What boosted caravan trading?
11. What cultures were the traders exposed to?
12. What is the Ka’ba?
13. How did the Arabs view Abraham
14. What is the Night of Power and Excellence?
15. What is God called in Arabic?
16. When did Muhammad die?
17. What did Arabs believe in before Muhammad’s preaching? How did this help convince the people of Muhammad’s teachings?
18. What was the earliest revelation?
19. What did Muhammad say about Judaism and Christianity?
20. Who did Muhammad’s teaching appeal to?
21. What explains his success?
22. Why did leaders not accept Muhammad’s teachings?
23. What is the hijira? What does it mark?
24. Why did people trust Muhammad as their leader?
25. What did Muhammad do to the Jewish groups in Medina?
26. What was the difference about the supremacy of Medina?
27. Who was chosen as Muhammad’s successor? Why?
28. What title was given to the successor?
29. What didn’t Muhammad’s revelations provide for in regards to a successor?
30. What was the Five Pillars of Islam?
31. Why did the Arabs start fighting?
32. What did the umma start to disagree about? What were the results?
33. How do Shi’ites see the office of caliph?
34. what do the Sunnis belive?
35. What did Sunni Islam not give to anyone?
36. How is this different?
37. Who began conquest outside Arabia?
38 What areas came under control of the Arabs and when?
39. Who led the conquest? Why?
40. What gave way to flexible military operations?
41. What ensured obedience?
42. What aspect of Umar’s caliphate became important? Why?
43. What were the effects of this system?
44. Why did Islam not spread during the conquest period?
45. What did the Umayyad’s rule over?
46.What gradual changes did they make?
47. Why did the Umayyad’s fall?
48. What was the percent of converts?
49. Why did people not want to convert?
50. How did the Abbasid’s gain power?
51 When did the Abbasid’s gain power? Lose?
52. What was the focus of the Abbasid’s early on?
53. What did the Abbasid’s adopt? Why?
54. In what ways did the elite become more "cosmopolitan"?
55. What is Arabian Nights? Why is it significant to history?
56. What was Egypt like during the Abbasid rule? Iran? What happened with North Africa?
57. Why did the number of converts accelerate in the 2nd century?
58. What did those living in urban areas lose?
59. Why did the Abbasids start to lose power?
60. Why did the large number of converts affect the justification of an empire?
61. What did the new states stop? Effects?
62. What crisis did the caliphate face in the 9th century?
63. What led to caliphate financial decline?
94. What was the final blow to the Abbasid’s empire?
65. What paralleled the caliphate’s loss of power?
66. What new states were created out of the fall?
67. What exchange system developed?
68. Who were the Fatimids and where did they take over?
69. What type of culture was created in Umayyad Spain? Why was it unique?
70. What happened in the east?
71. What happened to the title of caliph?
72. Who was Judah Halevi? Maimonides? Ibn Hazm? Ibn Rushd? Ibn Tufayl? Ibn al-Arabi?
73. What stereotype of the Turk emerged?
74. What title did the Turk leader take?
75. What areas did the Seljuk Turks control?
76. What happened to the cities the Seljuk Turks took over?
77. What gulf grew under the Turks?
78. What happened to Baghdad?
79. What other than the Turks is to blame for Iran and Iraq’s fates?
80. What internal issues arose for the Turks?
81. Under whom did the Muslim’s unite? What did he accomplish?
82. Who is Saladin? What is his importance?
83. What ended Saladin’s rule in Egypt?
84. Who defeated the mamluks?
85. Who ruled Egypt until 1517?
86. What effect did the Mongols have on the Muslim world?
87. What evolved despite political problems?
88. What allowed for the coexistence of "great" and "small" traditions?
89. What is the Shari’a?
90. What was the only guidance of Islam during Muhammad’s life?
91. What made this tradition difficult to maintain?
92. What do the laws govern?
93. What did Muslim thinkers think was the best resolution to issues?
94. What is sunna?
95.What was the argument that developed during the evolution of Islamic law?
96. What was the problem with the hadith?
97. What was the split of the hadith by Sunnis and Shi’ites?
98. What was the umma that was developed? What did conversion not require?
99. What did a convert have to do to become a Muslim?
100. What knowledge did most converts possess? Why was it so limited?
